PASSWORD FOR THE TEST:
123456
Introduction
1914 is a turning point in world history. The political and social processes that began in 1789
culminated in the First World War that broke
out in that year and decisively shaped the course
of the twentieth century. Historians therefore
call this as ‘the long nineteenth century’. This
was the first industrial war that drew on the
economic resources of the entire world, and also
affected large sections of the civilian population.
The political map of the world was redrawn.
Three major empires lay shattered by the end
of the War: Germany, Austria–Hungary, and
the Ottomans. The biggest outcome of the War
was the Russian Revolution. It was a unique
event as well as the first revolution of its kind
in world history. For the first time, countries
tried to bring about world peace through the
League of Nations. In this lesson, we discuss the
circumstances leading to the outbreak of the
First World War and its repercussions, including
the Russian Revolution and the formation of an Capitalist Countries’ Race for
Markets
The aim of capitalistic industry was to
produce more and more. The surplus wealth
thus produced was used to build more factories,
railways, steamships and other such undertakings.
Revolution in the means of communication and
transportation in the latter half of the nineteenth
century facilitated the process of European
expansion in Africa and other places.
A striking feature of nineteenth century
was that Europe emerged as the dominant
power while Asia and Africa were colonized
and exploited. Within Europe, England held
a pre-eminent position as the world leader of
capitalism. An ever-growing demand for markets
and raw materials made the capitalist powers race
around the world for expanding their empire for
exploitation.
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